Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)

Center for Strategic and International StudiesChatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)Defense and Military ForcesEspionage and Intelligence ServicesEuropeInternational RelationsNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationPistorius, BorisRussiaRussian Invasion of Ukraine (2022)UkraineUnited States International RelationsUnited States Politics and Government

As Putin Wages Shadow War, Europe Looks for a Way to Hit Back

Moscow has used tactics of fear and ambiguity to try to divide NATO and limit support for Ukraine. But how should Europe retaliate? And how hard?

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Bourse & Bazaar FoundationBrookings InstitutionChatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)Council on Foreign RelationsInternational RelationsIranIran-Israel War (2025- )Middle EastUnited States International RelationsUnited States Politics and GovernmentUS and Israeli Attack on Iran (2026)

Six Months In, Iran Appears Stronger and U.S. Goals Unclear

Trump’s replacement of a military war with a heightened economic one is not expected to alter Iran’s strategy, while further impoverishing its people.

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Bourse & Bazaar FoundationBrookings InstitutionChatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs)Council on Foreign RelationsInternational RelationsIranIran-Israel War (2025- )Middle EastUnited States International RelationsUnited States Politics and GovernmentUS and Israeli Attack on Iran (2026)

Six Months In, Iran Appears Stronger and U.S. Goals Unclear

Trump’s replacement of a military war with a heightened economic one is not expected to alter Iran’s strategy, while further impoverishing its people.

Read More